As the U.S. continues to grapple with the COVID-19 pandemic, disparities in who has access to healthcare are more pronounced than ever. Though the federal government and many insurers have worked to keep the costs of testing and treating COVID-19 low to manage the broader public health crisis, the impacts of the pandemic on healthcare could be felt for years to come.

One of the most noteworthy challenges over the past year has been widespread losses of jobs and income as a result of COVID-19 shutdowns and business failures. With those economic shocks come reduced access to health insurance. Healthcare coverage is closely linked to employment in the United States, with more than 55% of Americans having employer-sponsored health coverage. Permanent job losses resulting from COVID-19 shutdowns and business failures now total in the millions, which creates an enormous barrier to health insurance coverage for many Americans. And for those who did not already have coverage through an employer and those who find themselves without health insurance due to job loss, the costs of purchasing health policies can be prohibitively expensive.

This situation is especially worrying because the uninsured rate in the U.S. had already been increasing in the past few years. After a dramatic reduction in the number and rate of uninsured in the first few years after the passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010, both figures began to increase again beginning in 2016. In 2019, the number of uninsured topped 29 million Americans, and data for 2020 and 2021 are likely to be even higher given COVID’s effects.

Another concerning issue is the significant disparities in coverage between different racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic Whites currently have the lowest uninsured rate at 6.3%, followed closely by Asian Americans at 6.6% and people of two or more races at 8.0%. The other racial and ethnic subgroups—American Indians, Hispanic and Latino, Pacific Islanders, and Blacks—all have uninsured rates above 10%. One of the reasons is that people in these groups are more likely to work in lower-wage jobs that do not come with insurance benefits and do not provide enough income to afford private coverage.

Disparities in insurance coverage also show up across state lines. Income and employment levels and racial demographics predictably provide some of the explanation for these differences. The impact of these factors is exacerbated in the South, where most states have declined to expand eligibility for the federal Medicaid program as allowed under the Affordable Care Act. This has made it more difficult for lower-income workers in Southern states to obtain affordable coverage, as they are ineligible for Medicaid but unable to afford private coverage. As a result, states in the South tend to have higher uninsured rates, led by Texas—a state with no Medicaid expansion and one of the nation’s most diverse populations—at 20.8%.

At the city level, it is unsurprising to find that Texas is also home to six of the top 10 locations with the highest rate of uninsured residents. At the other end of the spectrum, the cities with the lowest uninsured rates are those that tend to be economically prosperous, with good, professional jobs offering high wages and insurance benefits.

To find the cities with the highest and lowest uninsured rates, researchers at Sidecar Health used data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. The research team calculated the uninsured rate for residents under 65 to rank the cities and additionally gathered data on the total number of uninsured residents, the uninsured rate for the unemployed, and the uninsured rate for children under 18.

Here are the cities with the highest and lowest uninsured rates.

Large cities with the highest uninsured rates

1. Houston, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 28.1%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 573,715
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 57.0%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 16.2%

2. Dallas, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 27.3%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 325,228
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 55.1%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 17.4%

3. El Paso, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 25.1%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 144,769
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 57.3%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 12.4%

4. Miami, FL

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 22.6%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 86,282
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 47.6%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 10.3%

5. Fort Worth, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 21.3%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 172,804
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 50.5%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 13.5%

6. San Antonio, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 20.9%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 279,367
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 53.3%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 10.1%

7. Arlington, TX

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 20.5%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 72,182
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 41.9%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 12.4%

8. Tulsa, OK

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 19.2%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 65,075
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 52.2%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 8.5%

9. Phoenix, AZ

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 17.1%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 253,915
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 27.5%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 10.6%

10. Oklahoma City, OK

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 16.8%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 93,990
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 47.1%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 8.0%

Large cities with the lowest uninsured rates

1. Washington, DC

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 3.9%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 23,824
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 15.4%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 2.0%

2. San Francisco, CA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 4.3%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 31,822
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 14.3%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 0.9%

3. Seattle, WA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 4.6%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 30,191
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 12.7%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 1.3%

4. Boston, MA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 4.6%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 28,181
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 10.2%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 2.4%

5. San Jose, CA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 6.2%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 54,723
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 11.2%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 2.0%

6. Baltimore, MD

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 6.6%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 33,133
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 18.0%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 4.1%

7. Sacramento, CA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 7.0%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 30,754
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 16.3%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 3.0%

8. Louisville, KY

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 7.2%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 37,022
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 23.2%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 3.9%

9. Oakland, CA

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 7.3%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 27,036
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 15.1%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 4.1%

10. Minneapolis, MN

• Uninsured rate for residents under 65: 7.4%
• Total residents under 65 without health insurance: 28,307
• Uninsured rate for the unemployed: 13.5%
• Uninsured rate for children under 18: 2.1%

Detailed Findings & Methodology

The data used in this analysis is from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey. To identify cities with the highest uninsured rates, researchers calculated the uninsured rate for residents under 65. In the event of a tie, the location with more total residents under 65 without health insurance was ranked higher. While the city and state-level statistics were calculated for the civilian noninstitutionalized population under 65 only, the uninsured rates by race/ethnicity shown in the charts are for all ages. To improve relevance, only cities with at least 100,000 residents were included. Additionally, cities were grouped into cohorts based on population size: small (100,000–149,999), midsize (150,000–349,999), and large (350,000 or more).

Cities with the highest and lowest uninsured rates

Rank	City	Uninsured rate for residents under 65	Total residents under 65 without health insurance	Uninsured rate for the unemployed	Uninsured rate for children under 18
1	Brownsville, TX	36.70%	58,433	62.50%	20.30%
2	Laredo, TX	31.20%	73,807	62.20%	17.90%
3	Pasadena, TX	30.90%	41,523	74.30%	15.60%
4	McAllen, TX	30.10%	36,406	64.20%	10.60%
5	Garland, TX	29.60%	62,523	55.80%	18.50%
6	Pompano Beach, FL	28.20%	24,111	38.60%	12.40%
7	Houston, TX	28.10%	573,715	57.00%	16.20%
8	Dallas, TX	27.30%	325,228	55.10%	17.40%
9	Mesquite, TX	25.40%	30,174	65.40%	17.00%
10	El Paso, TX	25.10%	144,769	57.30%	12.40%
11	North Charleston, SC	24.60%	25,051	58.80%	21.30%
12	Hialeah, FL	24.10%	44,330	32.80%	9.30%
13	Irving, TX	23.90%	52,875	34.40%	16.30%
14	Beaumont, TX	23.20%	22,904	55.30%	10.70%
15	Paterson, NJ	23.10%	29,502	41.50%	8.80%
16	Sunrise Manor, NV	22.90%	38,433	30.50%	11.70%
17	Elizabeth, NJ	22.80%	26,229	49.80%	8.20%
18	Miami, FL	22.60%	86,282	47.60%	10.30%
19	Kansas City, KS	21.40%	28,494	43.00%	14.00%
20	Hollywood, FL	21.30%	27,804	56.50%	7.60%
21	Fort Worth, TX	21.30%	172,804	50.50%	13.50%
22	Santa Maria, CA	21.10%	20,101	46.70%	4.10%
23	Newark, NJ	21.10%	51,662	32.90%	12.10%
24	Tyler, TX	21.10%	18,427	32.20%	15.00%
25	Corpus Christi, TX	21.00%	57,649	49.30%	9.60%
26	West Valley City, UT	21.00%	25,755	66.60%	19.00%
27	San Antonio, TX	20.90%	279,367	53.30%	10.10%
28	Fort Lauderdale, FL	20.70%	30,279	51.90%	22.90%
29	Lehigh Acres, FL	20.70%	24,021	49.30%	11.90%
30	Miami Gardens, FL	20.60%	19,266	59.20%	6.70%
31	Arlington, TX	20.50%	72,182	41.90%	12.40%
32	Grand Prairie, TX	19.90%	35,345	44.60%	12.60%
33	Amarillo, TX	19.50%	32,317	58.90%	13.80%
34	Springfield, MO	19.50%	27,248	25.70%	15.20%
35	Tulsa, OK	19.20%	65,075	52.20%	8.50%
36	Abilene, TX	19.10%	17,902	25.10%	10.40%
37	Miramar, FL	19.00%	23,734	43.50%	8.00%
38	Oxnard, CA	19.00%	35,240	39.10%	5.70%
39	Odessa, TX	18.60%	20,412	77.50%	12.60%
40	Denton, TX	18.50%	22,853	22.30%	12.80%
41	East Los Angeles, CA	18.50%	19,878	33.20%	4.50%
42	West Palm Beach, FL	18.00%	16,497	33.60%	8.70%
43	Killeen, TX	17.90%	23,448	39.90%	10.10%
44	Savannah, GA	17.80%	21,023	63.20%	5.90%
45	Lewisville, TX	17.80%	17,506	17.30%	14.90%
46	Jackson, MS	17.60%	24,094	41.70%	6.20%
47	Paradise , NV	17.20%	35,360	31.00%	13.20%
48	Phoenix, AZ	17.10%	253,915	27.50%	10.60%
49	Jurupa Valley, CA	17.00%	16,504	37.70%	8.60%
50	Midland, TX	17.00%	22,039	45.20%	18.10%
51	Carrollton, TX	17.00%	20,841	37.50%	11.90%
52	Oklahoma City, OK	16.80%	93,990	47.10%	8.00%
53	Memphis, TN	16.70%	92,045	40.00%	7.80%
54	Glendale, AZ	16.20%	35,136	23.50%	14.10%
55	Waco, TX	16.10%	19,405	51.10%	6.60%
56	Bridgeport, CT	16.10%	20,222	13.60%	5.10%
57	Independence, MO	16.00%	15,409	50.50%	11.60%
58	Lubbock, TX	15.80%	35,858	50.60%	9.40%
59	Birmingham, AL	15.70%	27,621	52.50%	3.10%
60	Lakeland, FL	15.70%	13,654	40.20%	4.50%
61	Richardson, TX	15.70%	16,245	24.60%	14.40%
62	High Point, NC	15.60%	14,675	19.50%	4.60%
63	Cape Coral, FL	15.60%	23,027	39.50%	9.10%
64	Winston-Salem, NC	15.40%	32,785	48.50%	5.30%
65	Costa Mesa, CA	15.20%	14,997	21.80%	7.40%
66	Chattanooga, TN	15.20%	22,638	34.10%	7.80%
67	Orlando, FL	15.10%	39,128	30.70%	5.20%
68	Las Vegas, NV	15.10%	82,721	23.30%	7.60%
69	Macon-Bibb, GA	15.00%	19,033	52.80%	3.60%
70	Austin, TX	15.00%	132,457	32.30%	10.60%
71	Tucson, AZ	15.00%	67,015	28.60%	7.90%
72	Mesa, AZ	14.90%	64,268	32.90%	10.80%
73	Metairie, LA	14.90%	15,398	38.30%	5.80%
74	Escondido, CA	14.90%	19,025	31.60%	5.00%
75	Palm Bay, FL	14.80%	13,520	47.80%	2.50%
76	Aurora, CO	14.70%	48,915	38.10%	10.80%
77	Jacksonville, FL	14.70%	111,850	44.80%	6.70%
78	Elgin, IL	14.60%	13,933	43.10%	3.20%
79	Durham, NC	14.60%	35,471	31.40%	8.30%
80	Brandon, FL	14.30%	14,303	34.30%	4.20%
81	Charlotte, NC	14.30%	112,697	35.40%	7.50%
82	Athens, GA	14.30%	16,025	36.70%	7.20%
83	Rialto, CA	14.30%	13,330	37.60%	4.70%
84	Spring Hill, FL	14.30%	12,125	29.10%	6.40%
85	Salinas, CA	14.00%	19,984	34.50%	1.90%
86	Wichita, KS	14.00%	45,937	42.00%	6.40%
87	North Las Vegas, NV	13.90%	30,640	26.60%	7.90%
88	Pembroke Pines, FL	13.80%	19,728	35.90%	11.40%
89	Santa Ana, CA	13.80%	40,700	24.90%	4.60%
90	Stamford, CT	13.80%	15,164	36.70%	6.80%
91	Spring Valley, NV	13.70%	26,018	30.00%	6.40%
92	Fayetteville, NC	13.70%	22,039	30.30%	3.50%
93	Kansas City, MO	13.70%	58,240	43.80%	7.20%
94	Coral Springs, FL	13.60%	15,939	34.10%	8.70%
95	Baton Rouge, LA	13.50%	25,282	25.10%	6.70%
96	Port St. Lucie, FL	13.40%	20,791	14.90%	6.30%
97	Tampa, FL	13.30%	45,885	40.10%	6.90%
98	Davie, FL	13.30%	12,521	52.50%	4.90%
99	West Jordan, UT	13.20%	14,016	70.30%	9.40%
100	Richmond, VA	13.20%	26,029	45.60%	8.80%
101	Allentown, PA	13.20%	14,056	26.10%	5.20%
102	El Monte, CA	13.20%	12,762	22.00%	0.80%
103	Clearwater, FL	13.20%	11,688	36.60%	4.80%
104	Evansville, IN	13.10%	12,809	36.50%	2.70%
105	St. Petersburg, FL	13.00%	27,369	51.40%	5.20%
106	Nashville, TN	13.00%	75,583	35.40%	7.00%
107	Downey, CA	13.00%	12,642	28.70%	4.80%
108	San Bernardino, CA	13.00%	24,211	21.10%	4.50%
109	Augusta-Richmond, GA	12.90%	20,434	44.10%	5.90%
110	Salt Lake City, UT	12.90%	22,778	14.70%	14.10%
111	Anaheim, CA	12.80%	39,397	24.90%	5.20%
112	Los Angeles, CA	12.70%	438,384	18.20%	4.40%
113	Manchester, NH	12.70%	12,115	30.80%	7.10%
114	Plano, TX	12.50%	30,602	22.80%	7.70%
115	South Bend, IN	12.40%	10,873	11.20%	8.20%
116	Broken Arrow, OK	12.40%	11,647	37.70%	9.30%
117	Pomona, CA	12.30%	16,300	24.60%	5.70%
118	Moreno Valley, CA	12.30%	23,901	30.10%	6.00%
119	Reno, NV	12.20%	26,288	17.60%	9.40%
120	Mobile, AL	12.20%	18,899	32.50%	1.20%
121	Oceanside, CA	12.20%	17,353	37.70%	4.40%
122	Inglewood, CA	12.20%	11,555	36.30%	4.30%
123	Victorville, CA	12.20%	13,003	8.20%	5.40%
124	Greensboro, NC	12.10%	30,865	24.10%	3.80%
125	Boise City, ID	12.10%	23,572	26.80%	6.00%
126	Norwalk, CA	12.10%	10,847	17.80%	2.70%
127	Indianapolis, IN	12.00%	90,384	31.50%	7.00%
128	Norfolk, VA	12.00%	22,243	39.50%	3.80%
129	St. Louis, MO	12.00%	30,477	39.40%	6.80%
130	Knoxville, TN	12.00%	18,944	51.50%	2.90%
131	Omaha, NE	12.00%	48,964	53.70%	6.10%
132	Anchorage, AK	11.90%	29,163	29.00%	7.10%
133	Murfreesboro, TN	11.90%	15,423	13.30%	5.10%
134	Grand Rapids, MI	11.80%	20,500	22.40%	4.20%
135	Columbus, GA	11.80%	18,868	35.60%	3.20%
136	Newport News, VA	11.80%	17,126	16.90%	6.30%
137	Joliet, IL	11.70%	15,348	19.50%	8.10%
138	Montgomery, AL	11.70%	19,123	28.50%	2.90%
139	Jersey City, NJ	11.60%	26,838	36.70%	4.50%
140	Vancouver, WA	11.60%	17,829	26.10%	3.20%
141	Dayton, OH	11.60%	13,855	11.30%	9.70%
142	Long Beach, CA	11.50%	46,239	29.80%	3.90%
143	Raleigh, NC	11.50%	47,421	24.80%	6.50%
144	McKinney, TX	11.40%	19,973	17.90%	8.80%
145	Huntsville, AL	11.40%	18,592	44.10%	4.80%
146	Wilmington, NC	11.30%	11,483	31.30%	3.10%
147	Milwaukee, WI	11.30%	59,171	32.50%	3.80%
148	Richmond, CA	11.30%	10,877	22.50%	2.70%
149	Round Rock, TX	11.20%	13,658	32.30%	3.40%
150	Akron, OH	11.10%	18,448	18.20%	1.20%
151	Gainesville, FL	11.10%	13,110	34.70%	6.00%
152	Provo, UT	11.00%	11,927	16.70%	10.30%
153	Lakewood, CO	11.00%	14,303	12.30%	9.70%
154	Chicago, IL	11.00%	253,337	21.80%	3.90%
155	Glendale, CA	10.90%	17,766	25.20%	3.60%
156	Aurora, IL	10.90%	19,439	32.40%	3.30%
157	Atlanta, GA	10.90%	47,643	49.10%	4.40%
158	Orange, CA	10.80%	12,528	16.40%	5.80%
159	Gresham, OR	10.80%	10,006	38.10%	1.30%
160	Greeley, CO	10.80%	10,176	30.90%	5.60%
161	Kent, WA	10.70%	12,570	19.10%	3.70%
162	Tallahassee, FL	10.70%	18,226	17.80%	4.50%
163	Allen, TX	10.60%	10,179	45.60%	6.20%
164	Fort Wayne, IN	10.60%	23,745	28.70%	4.60%
165	Bend, OR	10.60%	8,989	0.00%	3.70%
166	Green Bay, WI	10.60%	9,340	19.80%	5.10%
167	Colorado Springs, CO	10.50%	41,378	19.60%	5.70%
168	Garden Grove, CA	10.40%	14,775	28.30%	6.00%
169	Hartford, CT	10.20%	10,927	19.80%	1.50%
170	Tempe, AZ	10.20%	17,667	12.90%	6.80%
171	Columbus, OH	10.20%	81,692	21.50%	5.40%
172	New Haven, CT	10.20%	11,645	33.30%	0.70%
173	Toledo, OH	10.10%	23,292	30.40%	5.80%
174	Clarksville, TN	10.10%	13,461	39.70%	4.10%
175	Little Rock, AR	10.10%	16,859	26.30%	6.20%
176	Columbia, SC	10.10%	9,720	25.10%	2.40%
177	Pueblo, CO	10.00%	9,081	21.70%	2.50%
178	Topeka, KS	10.00%	10,035	34.30%	3.80%
179	Chandler, AZ	10.00%	22,789	12.90%	7.60%
180	New Orleans, LA	10.00%	32,705	27.80%	4.00%
181	Spokane Valley, WA	10.00%	8,382	26.70%	1.70%
182	Surprise, AZ	10.00%	10,982	37.70%	9.10%
183	Ontario, CA	10.00%	16,769	35.80%	3.80%
184	Riverside, CA	9.90%	29,102	21.40%	2.70%
185	Bakersfield, CA	9.80%	33,540	32.50%	3.40%
186	The Woodlands, TX	9.80%	9,680	3.90%	11.10%
187	Corona, CA	9.80%	15,059	37.70%	3.70%
188	Albuquerque, NM	9.70%	45,425	19.20%	3.60%
189	Charleston, SC	9.60%	11,486	41.60%	4.10%
190	Lansing, MI	9.60%	9,779	22.10%	2.80%
191	Meridian, ID	9.60%	9,561	54.30%	3.50%
192	San Tan Valley, AZ	9.60%	8,540	24.80%	6.60%
193	Thornton, CO	9.60%	12,013	7.10%	4.40%
194	Denver, CO	9.50%	60,240	15.10%	4.80%
195	Detroit, MI	9.40%	53,847	17.10%	3.50%
196	Pasadena, CA	9.40%	11,132	20.70%	0.80%
197	Sioux Falls, SD	9.40%	14,713	61.50%	7.40%
198	Alexandria, VA	9.40%	12,836	22.00%	2.80%
199	Philadelphia, PA	9.30%	125,852	17.80%	4.40%
200	College Station, TX	9.30%	10,060	31.60%	5.50%
201	Enterprise, NV	9.20%	16,143	12.20%	7.00%
202	Norman, OK	9.20%	9,872	35.10%	4.40%
203	Frisco, TX	9.20%	16,777	26.90%	6.80%
204	Sugar Land, TX	9.10%	9,066	7.60%	6.40%
205	San Diego, CA	9.10%	108,754	25.80%	3.70%
206	Lincoln, NE	9.10%	22,232	31.80%	6.30%
207	Fresno, CA	9.10%	42,113	17.40%	3.70%
208	Olathe, KS	9.00%	11,097	46.40%	6.10%
209	Santa Rosa, CA	9.00%	13,094	22.60%	6.30%
210	Cincinnati, OH	8.90%	23,350	14.60%	7.20%
211	Fontana, CA	8.90%	17,157	24.40%	3.10%
212	Everett, WA	8.90%	8,335	21.40%	2.60%
213	Chula Vista, CA	8.80%	20,560	31.30%	4.10%
214	Yonkers, NY	8.80%	14,635	13.20%	3.60%
215	Chesapeake, VA	8.80%	17,544	35.80%	5.60%
216	Shreveport, LA	8.70%	13,220	7.90%	2.10%
217	Lexington-Fayette, KY	8.60%	23,853	26.60%	4.10%
218	San Buenaventura, CA	8.60%	7,621	20.80%	3.40%
219	Antioch, CA	8.60%	8,129	22.90%	4.80%
220	Peoria, AZ	8.60%	11,982	27.10%	5.20%
221	Sparks, NV	8.50%	7,561	18.60%	1.70%
222	Tuscaloosa, AL	8.40%	7,303	30.80%	5.70%
223	Sterling Heights, MI	8.40%	9,029	27.60%	3.00%
224	Eugene, OR	8.40%	11,766	18.40%	3.30%
225	Davenport, IA	8.40%	7,148	25.00%	5.80%
226	Las Cruces, NM	8.30%	7,161	12.70%	0.70%
227	Cleveland, OH	8.30%	26,782	20.00%	3.60%
228	Warren, MI	8.20%	9,309	13.30%	4.60%
229	Tacoma, WA	8.20%	15,274	19.00%	2.90%
230	Modesto, CA	8.10%	14,871	15.80%	3.70%
231	Pearland, TX	8.10%	9,516	41.30%	6.20%
232	Arvada, CO	8.10%	8,130	21.00%	8.00%
233	Henderson, NV	8.10%	20,196	28.80%	5.70%
234	Waterbury, CT	8.00%	7,348	13.00%	1.00%
235	Sandy Springs, GA	7.90%	7,524	20.60%	3.10%
236	New York, NY	7.90%	552,670	15.20%	2.00%
237	Hampton, VA	7.80%	8,296	19.60%	2.90%
238	Lafayette, LA	7.70%	7,852	31.70%	1.00%
239	Columbia, MO	7.60%	8,375	32.00%	4.70%
240	Fargo, ND	7.60%	8,132	38.80%	5.80%
241	Des Moines, IA	7.60%	13,918	27.90%	1.70%
242	St. Paul, MN	7.60%	20,616	23.10%	4.50%
243	Palmdale, CA	7.50%	10,530	20.20%	2.20%
244	Renton, WA	7.50%	6,586	2.70%	1.80%
245	El Cajon, CA	7.50%	6,651	33.70%	2.50%
246	Virginia Beach, VA	7.50%	26,730	29.20%	3.30%
247	Portland, OR	7.50%	41,916	21.00%	3.20%
248	Westminster, CO	7.40%	7,359	11.60%	4.10%
249	Burbank, CA	7.40%	6,215	4.20%	3.00%
250	Minneapolis, MN	7.40%	28,307	13.50%	2.10%
251	Murrieta, CA	7.40%	7,430	28.40%	1.50%
252	Rochester, MN	7.30%	7,257	14.60%	2.20%
253	Stockton, CA	7.30%	19,721	17.40%	2.70%
254	Rockford, IL	7.30%	8,695	13.10%	1.90%
255	Oakland, CA	7.30%	27,036	15.10%	4.10%
256	Salem, OR	7.20%	10,639	11.20%	2.70%
257	Louisville, KY	7.20%	37,022	23.20%	3.90%
258	Daly City, CA	7.20%	6,294	0.00%	2.70%
259	Peoria, IL	7.10%	6,503	11.70%	5.40%
260	Chico, CA	7.10%	6,287	26.40%	4.60%
261	Fullerton, CA	7.10%	8,440	34.80%	4.50%
262	Sacramento, CA	7.00%	30,754	16.30%	3.00%
263	Cary, NC	7.00%	10,515	23.50%	4.50%
264	Providence, RI	6.80%	10,619	13.50%	1.30%
265	Spokane, WA	6.70%	12,290	15.40%	2.20%
266	Baltimore, MD	6.60%	33,133	18.00%	4.10%
267	Simi Valley, CA	6.60%	6,948	13.60%	3.60%
268	Santa Clarita, CA	6.40%	11,801	6.40%	2.90%
269	Pittsburgh, PA	6.40%	16,048	24.10%	3.80%
270	Temecula, CA	6.40%	6,445	6.90%	5.10%
271	Fort Collins, CO	6.30%	9,407	16.00%	3.60%
272	Cedar Rapids, IA	6.30%	7,004	19.90%	1.50%
273	West Covina, CA	6.20%	5,486	24.20%	2.90%
274	Syracuse, NY	6.20%	7,585	17.60%	1.90%
275	Scottsdale, AZ	6.20%	11,614	20.60%	2.70%
276	San Jose, CA	6.20%	54,723	11.20%	2.00%
277	Lowell, MA	6.20%	6,035	16.70%	1.80%
278	Hillsboro, OR	6.20%	5,903	23.50%	3.00%
279	League City, TX	6.20%	5,778	0.00%	6.40%
280	San Mateo, CA	6.10%	5,423	0.00%	2.00%
281	Arlington, VA	6.10%	12,559	25.30%	2.40%
282	Vallejo, CA	6.10%	6,194	31.10%	2.40%
283	Springfield, IL	6.00%	5,465	33.40%	2.10%
284	Overland Park, KS	6.00%	9,989	24.60%	3.90%
285	Irvine, CA	5.90%	15,163	18.60%	2.40%
286	Visalia, CA	5.80%	6,881	13.40%	1.60%
287	Thousand Oaks, CA	5.80%	5,889	8.50%	1.90%
288	Gilbert, AZ	5.70%	12,926	10.10%	4.70%
289	Columbia, MD	5.70%	5,048	8.70%	3.40%
290	Fairfield, CA	5.60%	5,571	10.50%	1.20%
291	Urban Honolulu, HI	5.50%	14,483	29.90%	2.70%
292	Carlsbad, CA	5.50%	5,151	20.30%	4.00%
293	Torrance, CA	5.50%	6,419	23.00%	2.70%
294	Rancho Cucamonga, CA	5.30%	7,983	18.80%	3.10%
295	Arden-Arcade, CA	5.30%	4,829	6.30%	1.50%
296	Huntington Beach, CA	5.30%	8,488	7.30%	2.20%
297	Billings, MT	5.30%	4,708	6.10%	0.10%
298	Concord, CA	5.10%	5,610	9.10%	1.30%
299	Rochester, NY	4.80%	8,519	8.20%	1.00%
300	Hayward, CA	4.70%	6,549	16.30%	3.70%
301	Boston, MA	4.60%	28,181	10.20%	2.40%
302	Seattle, WA	4.60%	30,191	12.70%	1.30%
303	Boulder, CO	4.50%	4,159	10.20%	1.30%
304	Ann Arbor, MI	4.40%	4,687	14.40%	2.10%
305	Santa Clara, CA	4.40%	5,123	5.10%	0.70%
306	Centennial, CO	4.30%	3,948	7.30%	2.90%
307	San Francisco, CA	4.30%	31,822	14.30%	0.90%
308	Bellevue, WA	4.30%	5,453	30.00%	0.90%
309	Sunnyvale, CA	4.30%	5,838	7.90%	1.20%
310	Madison, WI	4.10%	9,457	6.60%	1.50%
311	Springfield, MA	4.10%	5,489	4.00%	1.50%
312	Roseville, CA	4.00%	4,682	15.60%	2.30%
313	Washington, DC	3.90%	23,824	15.40%	2.00%
314	Worcester, MA	3.80%	6,114	10.30%	0.70%
315	Buffalo, NY	3.70%	8,231	8.40%	0.60%
316	Lancaster, CA	3.70%	4,978	19.00%	1.10%
317	Carmel, IN	3.40%	2,948	15.30%	2.60%
318	Berkeley, CA	3.00%	3,108	17.10%	1.90%
319	Clovis, CA	2.90%	2,894	20.40%	1.60%
320	Elk Grove, CA	2.90%	4,474	22.10%	0.50%
321	Naperville, IL	2.50%	3,222	0.00%	0.70%
322	Fremont, CA	1.60%	3,325	5.70%	0.60%
323	Cambridge, MA	1.40%	1,476	5.10%	0.80%

Source: U.S. Census Bureau’s 2019 American Community Survey